Mechanical engineering always concerns the operation of structures subjected to real-world conditions. Realistic structural tests are therefore an important element in demonstrating, prior to entry into service, that the design is qualified and that the component complies with operational requirements. Doing experiments is highly accepted verification method. However, it is by no means granted that a test actually represents reality. In general, with increasing test complexity, not only does the required time and costs increase, but also the uncertainty regarding the extent to which the experiment will produce reliable results. For example, a simple, standardized tensile test will provide reliable results of the material strength. In contrast, a multi-axial component test may require the complex construction of a suitable test fixture, extensive measurement technology, and parallel calculations for interpreting the results.
Successful testing requires coherent planning. This can be roughly broken down into the following individual aspects.
- test specification: identification of verifiable test criteria
- test procedure: conduction of the test according to defined instructions
- test report: documentation of the results with reference to the criteria